하니_2022_Restart

[linux] hexdump 명령어 사용법(-b, -c,-C,-d,-e,-f,-L,-n,-o,-s,-x,-v)

하니_즐거운하루 — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 17:40:47 +0900

: hexdump 명령은 파일의 내용을 16진수/10진수/8진수/아스키로 화면에 표시하는 명령입니다.

옵션	설명	기타
-b, --one-byte-octal	한 바이트 8진수 출력 옵션	ex> 0000000 110 145 154 154 157 012
-c, --one-byte-char	한 바이트 문자 출력 옵션	ex> 0000000 H e l l o \n
-C, --canonical	hex + ascii 표시 옵션	ex> 00000010 31 32 33 34 0 \|1234.\|
-d, --two-bytes-decimal	10진수 2바이트 표시 옵션	ex> 0000010 12849 13363 00010
-e, --format format string	커스텀 format 형식 지정 옵션	ex> '8/2 "0x%x, " "\n"'
-f, --format-file file	file 에서 가져온 정보를 format string으로 해석하는 옵션	-e 옵션에서 ' 만 제거한 파일
-L, --color[=when]	특정 패턴/문자에 색깔 넣는 옵션	-Lalways -e ' 8/1 "%4_c_L[green:'N',blue:'P',red:3] " '
-n, --length length	length 크기까지만 출력 옵션	세부항목 참조
-o, --two-bytes-octal	8진수 2바이트 출력 옵션	세부항목 참조
-s, --skip offset	offset 크기만큼 input 에서 생략 하는 옵션	세부항목 참조
-v, --no-squeezing	동일 문자 반복시 생략되는 * 대신 모든 문자 표시 옵션	세부항목 참조
-x, --two-bytes-hex	16진수 2바이트 출력 옵션	세부항목 참조

옵션

-b, --one-byte-octal

: 한바이트 8진수 표시 옵션

$ echo Hello | hexdump
0000000 6548 6c6c 0a6f
0000006

$ echo Hello | hexdump -b
0000000 110 145 154 154 157 012
0000006

> 8진수 110 (1x8^2 + 1 x8 ==> 72 (10진수) ==> 0x48 (16진수)

-c, --one-byte-char

: 한비이트 문자 출력 옵션 , 각 문자당 3 column 을 차지 하며 빈공간은 공백을 넣어줍니다.

$ echo Hello | hexdump -c
0000000   H   e   l   l   o  \n
0000006


$ echo "Hello 12345678901234" | hexdump -c
0000000   H   e   l   l   o       1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   0
0000010   1   2   3   4  \n

-C, --canonical

: 16진수 + 문자 출력 옵션

$ echo "Hello 12345678901234" | hexdump -C
00000000  48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 31 32  33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30  |Hello 1234567890|
00000010  31 32 33 34 0a                                    |1234.|
00000015

-d, --two-bytes-decimal

: 2바이트 10진수 표시 옵션 총 5바이트

$ echo "Hello 12345678901234" | hexdump -d
0000000   25928   27756   08303   12849   13363   13877   14391   12345
0000010   12849   13363   00010
0000015

> 25928 ==> 0x6548 ==> 0x65 (e) , 0x48(H)

-e, --format format string

: format string 형식에 의한 출력 ('interation count / byte count "format string" "반복완료시 들어갈 format string"')

>> 1바이트 단위로 반복/바이트 크기 출력 

$ echo "12345678901234" | hexdump -e '1/1 "0x%x,"'
0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x30,0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,0xa, ~$

>> 아이템 4개 단위로 개행 추가
$ echo "12345678901234" | hexdump -e '4/1 "0x%x," "\n"'
0x31,0x32,0x33,0x34,
0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,
0x39,0x30,0x31,0x32,
0x33,0x34,0xa,0x,

>> 아이템 8개 크기는 2bytes 단위로 출력하기
$ echo "123456789012345678901234" | hexdump -e '8/2 "0x%x," "\n"'
0x3231,0x3433,0x3635,0x3837,0x3039,0x3231,0x3433,0x3635,
0x3837,0x3039,0x3231,0x3433,0xa,0x,0x,0x,

>> 크기 4바이트 단위로 2개단위로 출력 하기 (개행 추가)
$ echo "123456789012345678901234" | hexdump -e '2/4 "0x%x," "\n"'
0x34333231,0x38373635,
0x32313039,0x36353433,
0x30393837,0x34333231,
0xa,0x,


>> 개행부분에 -e 옵션을 다시 적어서 출력 가능합니다.
$ echo "123456789012345678901234" | hexdump -e '2/4 "0x%x," ' -e '"\n"'
0x34333231,0x38373635,
0x32313039,0x36353433,
0x30393837,0x34333231,
0xa,0x,

>> 10진수로 출력하기
$ echo "123456789012345678901234" | hexdump -e '2/2 "%d, " "\n"'
12849, 13363,
13877, 14391,
12345, 12849,
13363, 13877,
14391, 12345,
12849, 13363,
10, ,

>> 개행대신 탭으로 구분하기
$ echo "123456789012345678901234" | hexdump -e '2/2 "%x, " "\t"'
3231, 3433,     3635, 3837,     3039, 3231,     3433, 3635,     3837, 3039,     3231, 3433,     a, ,    ~$

>> 1바이트 16진수로 16개 후 개행하기
$ head -c 400 byte_0_255_rep.dat | hexdump -e '16/1 "%02x " "\n"'
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f
a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 aa ab ac ad ae af
b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 ba bb bc bd be bf
c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 ca cb cc cd ce cf
d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 da db dc dd de df
e0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 ea eb ec ed ee ef
f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f


>> -C 명령 흉내내기
$ echo "123456789012345678901234 Hello World" | hexdump -e '"%07.7_ax\t"' -e '16/1 "%x " " |"' -e '16/1 "%_p" "|\n"'
0000000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 |1234567890123456|
0000010 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 20 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 |78901234 Hello W|
0000020 6f 72 6c 64 a            |orld.|

-f, --format-file

: -e 옵션의 내용을 file 로 저장해서 사용 (# 으로 시작하거나 텅빈 라인은 무시됩니다.)

>> 아래처럼 hexdump_cfg.bin 파일을 작성해주세요. ('' 만 제거하면 됨.)
$ cat hexdump_cfg.bin
"%07.7_ax\t"
16/1 "%x " " |"
16/1 "%_p" "|\n"

>> hexdump_cfg.bin 파일 사용하기
$ echo "123456789012345678901234 Hello World" | hexdump -f hexdump_cfg.bin
0000000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 |1234567890123456|
0000010 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 20 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 |78901234 Hello W|
0000020 6f 72 6c 64 a            |orld.|


$ cat hexdump_cfg.bin

#"%07.7_ax\t"
16/1 "%x " " |"
16/1 "%_p" "|\n"

$ echo "123456789012345678901234 Hello World" | hexdump -f hexdump_cfg.bin
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 |1234567890123456|
37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 20 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 |78901234 Hello W|
6f 72 6c 64 a            |orld.|

-L,--color

: 특정 패턴에 색깔 지정 옵션

$ echo "123456789012345678901234 Hello World" | hexdump -e ' 8/1 "%4_c_L[green:0x30,blue:0x35,red:0x37] " "\n"'

blue는 배경색때문에 잘 안보이네요..

>> auto

>> never

>> always

> hexa 값이 아닌 문자 사용시 '' 사용해도 됩니다.

-n, --length

: 사이즈 를 추가해 표시할 데이타 갯수 지정 옵션

>> 한줄에 32개의 아이템을 넣고 아이템 한개 크기는 1 바이트 , 표시 형식은 hexa, 아이템 32개시 개행추가
~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -e '32/1 "%x " "\n"'
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 a

>> 30 바이트 출력,
~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -e '32/1 "%x " "\n"' -n 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30

>> 20 바이트 출력
~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -e '32/1 "%x " "\n"' -n 20
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30

>> 10 바이트 출력
~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -e '32/1 "%x " "\n"' -n 10
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30

-o, --two-bytes-octal

: 8진수 2 바이트 표시 옵션

~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -e '32/2 "%x " "\n"' -n 10
3231 3433 3635 3837 3039

>> 2바이트 8진수 출력옵션 
~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -o -n 10
0000000  031061  032063  033065  034067  030071
000000a

>> 2바이트 십진수 출력 옵션
$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -d -n 10
0000000   12849   13363   13877   14391   12345
000000a

>> 0x3231 (16진수) == 31061 (8진수) == 12849 (10진수)

-s, --skip

: input 의 시작부터 Offset 만큼 스킵하는 옵션

~$ hexdump file.bin
0000000 6548 6c6c 006f 57ff 726f 646c 0a0a
000000e

>> 시작 4바이트 스킵옵션
~$ hexdump -s 4 file.bin
0000004 006f 57ff 726f 646c 0a0a
000000e

-v, --no-squeezing

: 모든 input data 출력 옵션 ( 동일 데이타 반복시 * 표시후 생략되는 부분까지 표시해 줍니다.)

$ hexdump -x b.txt
0000000    3030    3030    3030    2030    2020    3631    3639    2031
0000010    2020    3731    3734    2035    2020    3731    3839    2039
~~~ 중략 ~~~
0000060    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020
*
0000080    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    0a20
0000090    3030    3030    3130    0a34                                
0000098

>> b.txt 의 offset 0x70 부분이 * fh 
$ hexdump -v -x b.txt
0000000    3030    3030    3030    2030    2020    3631    3639    2031
0000010    2020    3731    3734    2035    2020    3731    3839    2039
~~~ 중략 ~~~
0000060    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020
0000070    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020
0000080    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    2020    0a20
0000090    3030    3030    3130    0a34                                
0000098

-x, --two-bytes-hex

: 16진수 2바이트 출력 옵션

:~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -d -n 10
0000000   12849   13363   13877   14391   12345
000000a

2바이트 16진수 출력 옵션 
:~$ echo "123456789012345678901234567890" | hexdump -x -n 10
0000000    3231    3433    3635    3837    3039
000000a

-V, --version

$ hexdump -V
hexdump from util-linux 2.37.2

-h, --help

: 도움말 표시

o$ hexdump --help

Usage:
 hexdump [options] <file>...

Display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii.

Options:
 -b, --one-byte-octal      one-byte octal display
 -c, --one-byte-char       one-byte character display
 -C, --canonical           canonical hex+ASCII display
 -d, --two-bytes-decimal   two-byte decimal display
 -o, --two-bytes-octal     two-byte octal display
 -x, --two-bytes-hex       two-byte hexadecimal display
 -L, --color[=<mode>]      interpret color formatting specifiers
                             colors are enabled by default
 -e, --format <format>     format string to be used for displaying data
 -f, --format-file <file>  file that contains format strings
 -n, --length <length>     interpret only length bytes of input
 -s, --skip <offset>       skip offset bytes from the beginning
 -v, --no-squeezing        output identical lines

 -h, --help                display this help
 -V, --version             display version

Arguments:
 <length> and <offset> arguments may be followed by the suffixes for
   GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB, and YiB (the "iB" is optional)

For more details see hexdump(1).

<기타>

[cplusplus] 구문 해석 좀 해주세요

하니_즐거운하루 — Tue, 4 Feb 2025 10:16:55 +0900

아래 구문이 대충은 이해가 되는데 () 가 있으면 함수라는 건지 이해가 안되네요.

혹시 아시는분 댓글 부탁드려요..

https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/blob/master/src/ble/BleLayer.h

constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseLength

(kCapabilitiesResponseMagicnumLength + kCapabilitiesResponseL2capMtuLength + kCapabilitiesResponseSelectedProtocolVersionLength + kCapabilitiesResponseWindowSizeLength);

inline constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseMagicnumLength                = 2;
inline constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseL2capMtuLength                = 2;
inline constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseSelectedProtocolVersionLength = 1;
inline constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseWindowSizeLength              = 1;
constexpr size_t kCapabilitiesResponseLength(kCapabilitiesResponseMagicnumLength + kCapabilitiesResponseL2capMtuLength +
                                             kCapabilitiesResponseSelectedProtocolVersionLength +
                                             kCapabilitiesResponseWindowSizeLength);

<사용처>

msgBuf->SetDataLength(kCapabilitiesResponseLength);

VerifyOrReturnError(msgBuf->MaxDataLength() >= kCapabilitiesResponseLength, CHIP_ERROR_NO_MEMORY);

[github][web][3] 웹페이지 를 4등분 해서 배경색 설정하기

하니_즐거운하루 — Wed, 27 Nov 2024 22:46:13 +0900

: 아래처럼 화면을 4등분하고 배경색을 넣는게 목표입니다.

1> body tag 안에 div 태그와 글을 입력합니다.

<html>
  <head>
   
  </head>
  <body>
    <div > 1st Area</div>
    <div > 2nd Area</div>
    <div > 3rd Area</div>
    <div > 4th Area</div> 
  </body>
</html>

2> id 를 부여하고 배경색을 넣어 보겠습니다.

: style 에 id 이름앞에는 '#' 을 넣어주고 , div 태그 안에 id 속성에 이름을 넣어줍니다.

배경색은 background 속성을 넣어주면 됩니다.

<html>
  <head>
    <style>
      #div1 {
        background: #880606;
      }
      #div2 {
        background: #06880f;
      }
      #div3 {
        background: #db47b1;
      }
      #div4 {
        background: #240688;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="div1"> 1st Area</div>
    <div id="div2"> 2nd Area</div>
    <div id="div3"> 3rd Area</div>
    <div id="div4"> 4th Area</div> 
  </body>
</html>

3> width, height 속성에 50% 를 넣어 1/4 영역을 채우게 하기

: head 태그 안 style 태그만 아래처럼 수정해 줍니다.

    <style>
      #div1 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        background: #880606;
      }
      #div2 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        background: #06880f;
      }
      #div3 {
        width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        background: #db47b1;
      }
      #div4 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        background: #240688;
      }
    </style>

>> div1, div2 과 div3, div4 는 한줄에 나와야 하는데 개행이 되네요.

4> float 속성을 추가하고 div1, div3 에는 left 값을 div2, div4 에는 right 값을 넣어줍니다.

   <style>
      #div1 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        float:left;  
        background: #880606;
      }
      #div2 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        float:right;  
        background: #06880f;
      }
      #div3 {
        width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        float:left;  
        background: #db47b1;
      }
      #div4 {
       width: 50%;
        height: 50%;
        float:right;
        background: #240688;
      }
    </style>

결과는 첫화면이 나옵니다.

간단하게 화면을 4등분해서 색깔을 넣어 보았습니다.

[github][web][2] git 사용 로컬/리모트 동기화 하기

하니_즐거운하루 — Tue, 26 Nov 2024 19:59:24 +0900

: github repository를 local 로 다운로드 및 수정 그리고 github로 push 연동되게 만들어 보았습니다.

git clone 시 https 가 아닌 ssh를 사용해야 합니다.

1> rsa 키 만들기 (deploy key 에서 사용됨)

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -f ~/.ssh/test_key
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/xxx/.ssh/test_key
Your public key has been saved in /home/xxx/.ssh/test_key.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:VOizdbG6Ps4jgfxbXWcMGcMmzgKm0JzUpxCCrv3bPRc xxx@ubuntu22
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   ..+o+ ..  .o  |
|  . ..= =.. o o+ |
| .   . =.+ o =o  |
|  .   ..+ o =  o |
| o   . .S+ +  . +|
|. .   o o E. . o |
|   .   . ..o.    |
|    .. .+o=      |
|    ... oB+o     |
+----[SHA256]-----+

2> Deploy Key 추가하기

→ Settings

→ Security > Deploy keys 선택

→ Add deploy key 클릭

→ 타이틀 적당히 넣으시고 위에서 만든 test_key.pub 파일을 cat 으로 열어서 아래의 Key 항목에 붙여넣기 합니다.

→ "Allow write access" 체크후 Add key 클릭하면 아래처럼 추가된 키가 보입니다.

3> ~/.ssh/ 디렉토리 아래에 config 파일을 만들고 다음처럼 작성해 줍니다.

Host test
     HostName github.com
     User git
     IdentityFile ~/.ssh/test_key
     IdentitiesOnly yes
     Port 22

Host 명 test 는 추후 git clone 명령시 host 명 대신 사용됩니다.

ex> git clone git@test:leevisual/leevisual.github.io.git

@ 앞에는 user 를 넣고 뒤에는 host 명을 넣어줍니다.

4> git clone 사용해 소스 다운로드하기

$ git clone git@test:leevisual/leevisual.github.io.git
Cloning into 'leevisual.github.io'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 6, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 (from 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), done.

5> master 브랜치 생성에서 파일 수정후 remote 에 Push 하기

$ git checkout -b master
 ~~ 소스 수정 ~~
$ vi index.html 
 <html>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my world</h1>
    <h2>Welcome to my world</h2>
    <h3>Welcome to my world</h3>
    <h4>Welcome to my world</h4>
  </body>
</html>

 
$ git commit ~~~~

remote 저장소에 push 하기
$ git remote -v
origin  git@test:leevisual/leevisual.github.io.git (fetch)
origin  git@test:leevisual/leevisual.github.io.git (push)

$ git push origin master
Enumerating objects: 5, done.
Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 347 bytes | 347.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To test:leevisual/leevisual.github.io.git
   da51c5f..02f650a  master -> master

6> 기존 main 브랜치를 따라가느것을 master 브랜치로 변경하기

→ Settings > Pages 에 들어간후 Branch 부분은 main 에서 master로 변경해 줍니다.

7> 테스트

> leevisual.github.io 사이트를 web browser로 열어서 변경사항 체킹 (업데이트후 바로 동작 안할때 있음.)

[github][web][1] github 웹 페이지 만들기

하니_즐거운하루 — Mon, 25 Nov 2024 23:18:40 +0900

: github 가입후 무료 웹페이지를 만들어 보았습니다.

이번부터 시리즈로 html/css/javascript를 공부하면서 관련 내용을 올릴려고 합니다.

1> github 사이트 가입하기

> 아래 링크 접속후 가입또는 이미 가입되어 있다면 로그인 해 줍니다.

https://github.com/

GitHub · Build and ship software on a single, collaborative platform

Join the world's most widely adopted, AI-powered developer platform where millions of developers, businesses, and the largest open source community build software that advances humanity.

github.com

>> 가입시 중요한 내용이 없으니 생략합니다.

2> 레퍼지토리 만들기

: 일단 github 에 로그인하고 레퍼지토리를 만들어 줍니다.

→ 위그림처럼 프로젝트로 들어가지 말고 ID 부분을 클릭해 줍니다.

→ Repositories 탭 클릭

→ New 버튼 클릭

> 레퍼지토리 이름에 원하는 이름 넣고 .github.io 추가해 줍니다.

> Readme 파일 추가후 Create repository 눌러줍니다.

3> index.html 만들기

→ 아래처럼 + 화살표 클릭 > Craete new file 클릭 해주세요.

→ 아래의 붉은색 영역 작성 하기

→ 작성완료후 " Commit changes..." 버튼 클릭

4> 테스트

: 아래처럼 웹브라우저를 통해 접근을 해줍니다.

https://leevisual.github.io/

Welcome 메시지가 정상적으로 나오면 동작이 잘하는것입니다.

혹시 안되면 브라우저의 Reload 버튼도 한번 눌러봐주세요.

간단히 github에 웹페이지를 만들어 보았습니다.

추후 기능을 한가지씩 넣어보겠습니다.'

[vim][tip][2] dark blue 색상 정보 안보일때

하니_즐거운하루 — Sat, 23 Nov 2024 09:59:45 +0900

: 아래 사진은 vim 사용해 index.html 파일을 열었을때 화면으로 <!DOCTYPE html> 이부분이 글씨가

잘 안보여서 잘 보이게 변경해 보았습니다.

▶ ~/.vimrc 파일을 만들기 (기존 파일이 있으면 열기)

color desert 구문 추가하기 (colorscheme desert , color desert)

▶ index.html 파일을 재 Open 하면 아래처럼 보이네요 .좀더 편안해 진 느낌입니다.

현재문서만 적용할려면 명령어 모드에서 입력

: color desert

[vim ][tip][1] 특정 영역 지정해 앞 부분에 탭 추가하기

하니_즐거운하루 — Fri, 22 Nov 2024 15:43:23 +0900

위사진의 html 태그 안에 앞부분에 tab을 추가해 보았습니다.

▶ 라인 보이게하기 (명령어 모드에서 set nu 타이핑)

: set nu

▶ 2 ,6 번째 줄까지 탭 넣기 정확히는 indent 추가하기 (: 2,6 > )

▶백탭은 '>' 대신 '<' 넣기 ( :2,6 <)

▶ Visual Mode 사용해서 동일하게 적용하기

: v 키를 눌러 Visual 모드에 진입하기

: 영역지정하기 (h,j,k,l 키를 누르면 영역 지정가능합니다.)

: 선택 완료시 명령모드로 재진입하기 ( ':' )

위처럼 나오는데 마지막에 탭을 넣을거니까 '>' 를 한개 추가해 줍니다.

결과는 위와 동일합니다.

[ubuntu] Apache Web server 설치/사용하기

하니_즐거운하루 — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 19:49:14 +0900

: Ubuntu22.04 PC 에 아파치 web server를 설치하기

1> 시스템 업데이트

: 패키지를 최신상태로 일단 만들어줍니다.

> sudo apt update && upgrade

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable InRelease
Hit:2 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:3 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Hit:5 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Hit:6 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/myriadrf/drivers/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Ign:7 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/myriadrf/gnuradio/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Err:8 https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/myriadrf/gnuradio/ubuntu jammy Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 185.125.190.80 443]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/myriadrf/gnuradio/ubuntu jammy Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
Get more security updates through Ubuntu Pro with 'esm-apps' enabled:
  libheif1 libjs-jquery-ui libpathplan4 node-ip graphviz libgvpr2 libgvc6
  libopenexr25 python3-scipy libcgraph6 libcdt5 libavcodec58 traceroute
  libavutil56 libswscale5 libgsl27 liblab-gamut1 libswresample3 libavformat58
  libpmix-dev libgslcblas0 libde265-0 libpmix2
Learn more about Ubuntu Pro at https://ubuntu.com/pro
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ubuntu-pro-client ubuntu-pro-client-l10n
The following packages will be upgraded:
  alsa-ucm-conf apport apport-gtk apt apt-utils base-files code coreutils distro-info distro-info-data
  dns-root-data dpkg dpkg-dev e2fsprogs evince evince-common firmware-sof-signed fonts-noto-color-emoji
  gdm3 gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-10 gjs gnome-remote-desktop gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock
  graphviz iptables irqbalance language-pack-en language-pack-en-base language-pack-gnome-en
  language-pack-gnome-en-base language-pack-gnome-ko language-pack-gnome-ko-base language-pack-ko
  language-pack-ko-base libapt-pkg6.0 libcdt5 libcephfs2 libcgraph6 libcom-err2 libcryptsetup12
  libdpkg-perl libegl-mesa0 libegl1-mesa-dev libevdocument3-4 libevview3-3 libext2fs2 libfprint-2-2
  libgbm-dev libgbm1 libgdm1 libgjs0g libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0 libgpgme11 libgpgmepp6
  libgvc6 libgvpr2 libip4tc2 libip6tc2 liblab-gamut1 libldap-2.5-0 libldap-common libmm-glib0
  libmutter-10-0 libnss-systemd libpam-sss libpam-systemd libpathplan4 libpcap0.8 libpulse-dev
  libpulse-mainloop-glib0 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libpython3-dev libpython3-stdlib librados2 libsgutils2-2
  libsmbclient libss2 libsystemd0 libudev-dev libudev1 libwbclient0 libxatracker2 libxtables12
  linux-libc-dev linux-tools-common logsave mesa-va-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers
  modemmanager mutter-common openvpn pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth pulseaudio-utils
  python-apt-common python3 python3-apport python3-apt python3-dev python3-distro-info
  python3-distupgrade python3-gpg python3-minimal python3-problem-report python3-samba
  python3-software-properties python3-update-manager python3-venv samba samba-common samba-common-bin
  samba-dsdb-modules samba-libs samba-vfs-modules shim-signed snapd software-properties-common
  software-properties-gtk systemd systemd-hwe-hwdb systemd-oomd systemd-sysv systemd-timesyncd tcpdump
  thermald tracker-extract tracker-miner-fs transmission-common transmission-gtk tzdata
  ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-minimal
  ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk ubuntu-standard udev unzip update-manager
  update-manager-core update-notifier update-notifier-common xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gnome
  xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu
151 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 226 MB of archives.
After this operation, 51.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

y

Get:1 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable/main amd64 code amd64 1.95.2-1730981514 [104 MB]
Get:2 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 base-files amd64 12ubuntu4.7 [61.9 kB]
Get:3 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 coreutils amd64 8.32-4.1ubuntu1.2 [1,437 kB]
Get:4 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libnss-systemd amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [133 kB]
Get:5 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libudev-dev amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [20.7 kB]
Get:6 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libsystemd0 amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [319 kB]
Get:7 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 systemd-timesyncd amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [31.2 kB]
Get:8 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 systemd-sysv amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [10.5 kB]
Get:9 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 systemd-oomd amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [34.8 kB]
Get:10 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-systemd amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [203 kB]
Get:11 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 systemd amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [4,581 kB]
Get:12 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 udev amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [1,557 kB]
Get:13 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libudev1 amd64 249.11-0ubuntu3.12 [78.2 kB]
Get:14 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcryptsetup12 amd64 2:2.4.3-1ubuntu1.2 [211 kB]
Get:15 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libxtables12 amd64 1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2 [31.3 kB]
Get:16 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 iptables amd64 1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2 [455 kB]
Get:17 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libip6tc2 amd64 1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2 [20.3 kB]
Get:18 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libip4tc2 amd64 1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2 [19.9 kB]
Get:19 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libapt-pkg6.0 amd64 2.4.13 [912 kB]
Get:20 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dpkg amd64 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 [1,239 kB]
Get:21 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apt amd64 2.4.13 [1,363 kB]
Get:22 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apt-utils amd64 2.4.13 [211 kB]
Get:23 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 logsave amd64 1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2 [10.1 kB]
Get:24 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libext2fs2 amd64 1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2 [208 kB]
Get:25 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 e2fsprogs amd64 1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2 [590 kB]
Get:26 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 python3-venv amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [1,042 B]
Get:27 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpython3-dev amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [7,064 B]
Get:28 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-dev amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [26.0 kB]
Get:29 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-minimal amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [24.3 kB]
Get:30 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3 amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [22.8 kB]
Get:31 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpython3-stdlib amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04.1 [6,812 B]
Get:32 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 irqbalance amd64 1.8.0-1ubuntu0.2 [47.2 kB]
Get:33 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-en all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,900 B]
Get:34 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-en-base all 1:22.04+20240902 [439 kB]
Get:35 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-gnome-en all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,924 B]
Get:36 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-gnome-en-base all 1:22.04+20240902 [482 kB]
Get:37 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-gnome-ko all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,916 B]
Get:38 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-gnome-ko-base all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,702 kB]
Get:39 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-ko all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,900 B]
Get:40 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 language-pack-ko-base all 1:22.04+20240902 [1,237 kB]
Get:41 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libsmbclient amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [65.9 kB]
Get:42 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgpgme11 amd64 1.16.0-1.2ubuntu4.2 [136 kB]
Get:43 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-dsdb-modules amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [313 kB]
Get:44 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-samba amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [3,115 kB]
Get:45 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-vfs-modules amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [419 kB]
Get:46 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [1,192 kB]
Get:47 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-common-bin amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [620 kB]
Get:48 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-common all 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [75.7 kB]
Get:49 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libldap-2.5-0 amd64 2.5.18+dfsg-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [183 kB]
Get:50 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libwbclient0 amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [266 kB]
Get:51 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 samba-libs amd64 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6 [6,276 kB]
Get:52 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpulse-dev amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [75.6 kB]
Get:53 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpulse-mainloop-glib0 amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [12.4 kB]
Get:54 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpulsedsp amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [23.3 kB]
Get:55 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 pulseaudio-utils amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [76.1 kB]
Get:56 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 pulseaudio-module-bluetooth amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [99.6 kB]
Get:57 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgdm1 amd64 42.0-1ubuntu7.22.04.4 [61.9 kB]
Get:58 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gdm3 amd64 42.0-1ubuntu7.22.04.4 [314 kB]
Get:59 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 pulseaudio amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [914 kB]
Get:60 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpulse0 amd64 1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2 [298 kB]
Get:61 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gir1.2-gdm-1.0 amd64 42.0-1ubuntu7.22.04.4 [9,882 B]
Get:62 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python-apt-common all 2.4.0ubuntu4 [14.6 kB]
Get:63 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 distro-info-data all 0.52ubuntu0.8 [5,302 B]
Get:64 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-apt amd64 2.4.0ubuntu4 [164 kB]
Get:65 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-distro-info all 1.1ubuntu0.2 [6,554 B]
Get:66 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk all 1:22.04.20 [9,130 B]
Get:67 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-release-upgrader-core all 1:22.04.20 [26.2 kB]
Get:68 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 update-manager all 1:22.04.21 [556 kB]
Get:69 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 update-manager-core all 1:22.04.21 [11.5 kB]
Get:70 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-distupgrade all 1:22.04.20 [106 kB]
Get:71 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-update-manager all 1:22.04.21 [39.1 kB]
Get:72 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 distro-info amd64 1.1ubuntu0.2 [18.7 kB]
Get:73 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-advantage-tools all 34~22.04 [10.9 kB]
Get:74 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-pro-client amd64 34~22.04 [221 kB]
Get:75 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 update-notifier amd64 3.192.54.8 [62.3 kB]
Get:76 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 update-notifier-common all 3.192.54.8 [185 kB]
Get:77 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcom-err2 amd64 1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2 [9,304 B]
Get:78 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libss2 amd64 1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2 [12.3 kB]
Get:79 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 tzdata all 2024a-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [349 kB]
Get:80 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-minimal amd64 1.481.4 [2,928 B]
Get:81 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-pro-client-l10n amd64 34~22.04 [19.1 kB]
Get:82 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpcap0.8 amd64 1.10.1-4ubuntu1.22.04.1 [145 kB]
Get:83 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 tcpdump amd64 4.99.1-3ubuntu0.2 [501 kB]
Get:84 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-standard amd64 1.481.4 [2,948 B]
Get:85 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 alsa-ucm-conf all 1.2.6.3-1ubuntu1.11 [43.6 kB]
Get:86 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-problem-report all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6 [11.1 kB]
Get:87 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6 [89.0 kB]
Get:88 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6 [134 kB]
Get:89 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apport-gtk all 2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6 [9,608 B]
Get:90 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [8,860 kB]
Get:91 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libglx-mesa0 amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [158 kB]
Get:92 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libegl-mesa0 amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [118 kB]
Get:93 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libglapi-mesa amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [37.1 kB]
Get:94 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgbm-dev amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [9,546 B]
Get:95 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgbm1 amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [33.5 kB]
Get:96 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dns-root-data all 2023112702~ubuntu0.22.04.1 [5,136 B]
Get:97 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dpkg-dev all 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 [922 kB]
Get:98 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libdpkg-perl all 1.21.1ubuntu2.3 [237 kB]
Get:99 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 evince-common all 42.3-0ubuntu3.1 [130 kB]
Get:100 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 evince amd64 42.3-0ubuntu3.1 [301 kB]
Get:101 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libevdocument3-4 amd64 42.3-0ubuntu3.1 [179 kB]
Get:102 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libevview3-3 amd64 42.3-0ubuntu3.1 [149 kB]
Get:103 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted amd64 firmware-sof-signed all 2.0-1ubuntu4.7 [1,270 kB]
Get:104 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 fonts-noto-color-emoji all 2.042-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [9,944 kB]
Get:105 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 mutter-common all 42.9-0ubuntu9 [13.4 kB]
Get:106 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gir1.2-mutter-10 amd64 42.9-0ubuntu9 [132 kB]
Get:107 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libmutter-10-0 amd64 42.9-0ubuntu9 [1,380 kB]
Get:108 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gnome-remote-desktop amd64 42.9-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [128 kB]
Get:109 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock all 72~ubuntu5.22.04.3 [95.0 kB]
Get:110 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libcdt5 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [21.1 kB]
Get:111 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libcgraph6 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [45.4 kB]
Get:112 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libpathplan4 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [23.4 kB]
Get:113 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libgvc6 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [724 kB]
Get:114 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libgvpr2 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [192 kB]
Get:115 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 liblab-gamut1 amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [1,965 kB]
Get:116 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 graphviz amd64 2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1 [653 kB]
Get:117 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 librados2 amd64 17.2.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [3,590 kB]
Get:118 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcephfs2 amd64 17.2.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [748 kB]
Get:119 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libegl1-mesa-dev amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [11.1 kB]
Get:120 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libfprint-2-2 amd64 1:1.94.3+tod1-0ubuntu2~22.04.08 [296 kB]
Get:121 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gjs amd64 1.72.4-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 [106 kB]
Get:122 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgjs0g amd64 1.72.4-0ubuntu0.22.04.4 [402 kB]
Get:123 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgpgmepp6 amd64 1.16.0-1.2ubuntu4.2 [109 kB]
Get:124 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libldap-common all 2.5.18+dfsg-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 [15.9 kB]
Get:125 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libmm-glib0 amd64 1.20.0-1~ubuntu22.04.4 [262 kB]
Get:126 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libsgutils2-2 amd64 1.46-1ubuntu0.22.04.1 [99.0 kB]
Get:127 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libxatracker2 amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [2,112 kB]
Get:128 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.15.0-125.135 [1,345 kB]
Get:129 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-tools-common all 5.15.0-125.135 [316 kB]
Get:130 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 mesa-va-drivers amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [4,100 kB]
Get:131 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 mesa-vdpau-drivers amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [3,820 kB]
Get:132 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 mesa-vulkan-drivers amd64 23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2 [10.7 MB]
Get:133 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 modemmanager amd64 1.20.0-1~ubuntu22.04.4 [1,094 kB]
Get:134 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openvpn amd64 2.5.11-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 [619 kB]
Get:135 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-gpg amd64 1.16.0-1.2ubuntu4.2 [214 kB]
Get:136 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 software-properties-common all 0.99.22.9 [14.1 kB]
Get:137 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 software-properties-gtk all 0.99.22.9 [71.3 kB]
Get:138 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-software-properties all 0.99.22.9 [28.8 kB]
Get:139 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 shim-signed amd64 1.51.4+15.8-0ubuntu1 [668 kB]
Get:140 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 snapd amd64 2.65.3+22.04 [26.4 MB]
Get:141 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 systemd-hwe-hwdb all 249.11.5 [3,228 B]
Get:142 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 thermald amd64 2.4.9-1ubuntu0.4 [222 kB]
Get:143 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 tracker-miner-fs amd64 3.3.3-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 [74.6 kB]
Get:144 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 tracker-extract amd64 3.3.3-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 [433 kB]
Get:145 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 transmission-common all 3.00-2ubuntu2.1 [205 kB]
Get:146 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 transmission-gtk amd64 3.00-2ubuntu2.1 [412 kB]
Get:147 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 unzip amd64 6.0-26ubuntu3.2 [175 kB]
Get:148 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-desktop-minimal amd64 1.481.4 [3,804 B]
Get:149 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-desktop amd64 1.481.4 [2,594 B]
Get:150 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 xdg-desktop-portal amd64 1.14.4-1ubuntu2~22.04.2 [265 kB]
Get:151 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 xdg-desktop-portal-gnome amd64 42.1-0ubuntu2 [107 kB]
Get:152 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu amd64 22.0.0-1ubuntu0.2 [71.8 kB]
Get:153 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpam-sss amd64 2.6.3-1ubuntu3.4 [40.8 kB]
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Installation finished. No error reported.
Setting up libgbm-dev:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up libwbclient0:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up libldap-2.5-0:amd64 (2.5.18+dfsg-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up libcephfs2 (17.2.7-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up libxatracker2:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up dns-root-data (2023112702~ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...
Setting up tzdata (2024a-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ...

Current default time zone: 'Asia/Seoul'
Local time is now:      Fri Nov  8 15:05:31 KST 2024.
Universal Time is now:  Fri Nov  8 06:05:31 UTC 2024.
Run 'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata' if you wish to change it.

Setting up mutter-common (42.9-0ubuntu9) ...
Setting up libpcap0.8:amd64 (1.10.1-4ubuntu1.22.04.1) ...
Setting up gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock (72~ubuntu5.22.04.3) ...
Setting up libpathplan4:amd64 (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libpulse-mainloop-glib0:amd64 (1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up pulseaudio-utils (1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up udev (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up libss2:amd64 (1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libudev-dev:amd64 (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up libxtables12:amd64 (1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2) ...
Setting up libpulse-dev:amd64 (1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libglapi-mesa:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up libdpkg-perl (1.21.1ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up logsave (1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up systemd-hwe-hwdb (249.11.5) ...
Setting up python-apt-common (2.4.0ubuntu4) ...
Setting up libmm-glib0:amd64 (1.20.0-1~ubuntu22.04.4) ...
Setting up libcryptsetup12:amd64 (2:2.4.3-1ubuntu1.2) ...
Setting up libevdocument3-4:amd64 (42.3-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up libcdt5:amd64 (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up libcgraph6:amd64 (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up modemmanager (1.20.0-1~ubuntu22.04.4) ...
Setting up mesa-va-drivers:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up transmission-common (3.00-2ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up linux-tools-common (5.15.0-125.135) ...
Setting up thermald (2.4.9-1ubuntu0.4) ...
Setting up libpam-sss:amd64 (2.6.3-1ubuntu3.4) ...
Setting up libpython3-stdlib:amd64 (3.10.6-1~22.04.1) ...
Setting up libfprint-2-2:amd64 (1:1.94.3+tod1-0ubuntu2~22.04.08) ...
Setting up libegl1-mesa-dev:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up code (1.95.2-1730981514) ...
Setting up distro-info (1.1ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up tcpdump (4.99.1-3ubuntu0.2) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.tcpdump ...
Setting up libgpgmepp6:amd64 (1.16.0-1.2ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up iptables (1.8.7-1ubuntu5.2) ...
Setting up libevview3-3:amd64 (42.3-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up samba-libs:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up e2fsprogs (1.46.5-2ubuntu1.2) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
e2scrub_all.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Setting up python3 (3.10.6-1~22.04.1) ...
running python rtupdate hooks for python3.10...
running python post-rtupdate hooks for python3.10...
Setting up systemd (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up pulseaudio (1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up dpkg-dev (1.21.1ubuntu2.3) ...
Setting up libegl-mesa0:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up transmission-gtk (3.00-2ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up python3-venv (3.10.6-1~22.04.1) ...
Setting up python3-gpg (1.16.0-1.2ubuntu4.2) ...
Setting up python3-dev (3.10.6-1~22.04.1) ...
Setting up libgvc6 (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up systemd-timesyncd (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up pulseaudio-module-bluetooth (1:15.99.1+dfsg1-1ubuntu2.2) ...
Setting up libsmbclient:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up evince (42.3-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.evince ...
Setting up libgvpr2:amd64 (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up systemd-oomd (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up samba-dsdb-modules:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up python3-distro-info (1.1ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up python3-samba (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up graphviz (2.42.2-6ubuntu0.1) ...
Setting up snapd (2.65.3+22.04) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.lib.snapd.snap-confine.real ...
snapd.failure.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
snapd.snap-repair.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Setting up systemd-sysv (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up libglx-mesa0:amd64 (23.2.1-1ubuntu3.1~22.04.2) ...
Setting up samba-vfs-modules:amd64 (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Setting up python3-problem-report (2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6) ...
Setting up python3-apt (2.4.0ubuntu4) ...
Setting up libnss-systemd:amd64 (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up python3-apport (2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6) ...
Setting up python3-software-properties (0.99.22.9) ...
Setting up samba-common-bin (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Checking smb.conf with testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
Loaded services file OK.
Weak crypto is allowed

Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Done
Setting up libpam-systemd:amd64 (249.11-0ubuntu3.12) ...
Setting up ubuntu-pro-client (34~22.04) ...
Setting up samba (2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.6) ...
Samba is not being run as an AD Domain Controller: Masking samba-ad-dc.service
Please ignore the following error about deb-systemd-helper not finding those services.
(samba-ad-dc.service already masked)
Failed to preset unit: Unit file /etc/systemd/system/samba-ad-dc.service is masked.
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-helper: error: systemctl preset failed on samba-ad-dc.service: No such file or directory
samba-ad-dc.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Setting up ubuntu-pro-client-l10n (34~22.04) ...
Setting up ubuntu-standard (1.481.4) ...
Setting up software-properties-common (0.99.22.9) ...
Setting up apport (2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6) ...
apport-autoreport.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up apport-gtk (2.20.11-0ubuntu82.6) ...
Setting up ubuntu-advantage-tools (34~22.04) ...
Removing obsolete conffile /etc/ubuntu-advantage/help_data.yaml ...
Setting up ubuntu-minimal (1.481.4) ...
Setting up software-properties-gtk (0.99.22.9) ...
Setting up language-pack-en (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up language-pack-ko (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up language-pack-gnome-en (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up language-pack-en-base (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
Generation complete.
Setting up python3-distupgrade (1:22.04.20) ...
Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (1:22.04.20) ...
Setting up language-pack-gnome-ko (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up python3-update-manager (1:22.04.21) ...
Setting up language-pack-ko-base (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
Generation complete.
Setting up ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (1:22.04.20) ...
Setting up language-pack-gnome-en-base (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up language-pack-gnome-ko-base (1:22.04+20240902) ...
Setting up update-manager-core (1:22.04.21) ...
Setting up update-notifier-common (3.192.54.8) ...
update-notifier-download.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
update-notifier-motd.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.
Setting up update-manager (1:22.04.21) ...
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36.1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
Rules updated for profile 'Samba'

Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for cracklib-runtime (2.9.6-3.4build4) ...
Processing triggers for plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text (0.9.5+git20211018-1ubuntu3) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for dbus (1.12.20-2ubuntu4.1) ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (2.1-2) ...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.8-4build1) ...
Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu13.4) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-48-generic
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.72.4-0ubuntu2.3) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...
Setting up tracker-miner-fs (3.3.3-0ubuntu0.20.04.3) ...
Setting up libmutter-10-0:amd64 (42.9-0ubuntu9) ...
Setting up update-notifier (3.192.54.8) ...
Setting up gir1.2-gdm-1.0:amd64 (42.0-1ubuntu7.22.04.4) ...
Setting up gir1.2-mutter-10:amd64 (42.9-0ubuntu9) ...
Setting up gnome-remote-desktop (42.9-0ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up gdm3 (42.0-1ubuntu7.22.04.4) ...
Setting up ubuntu-desktop-minimal (1.481.4) ...
Setting up ubuntu-desktop (1.481.4) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

2> Apache Web server 설치

: apache2 패키지 설치하기

> sudo apt install apache2

~$ sudo apt install apache2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap
Suggested packages:
  apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine | apache2-suexec-custom
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  apache2 apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3
  libaprutil1-ldap
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,922 kB of archives.
After this operation, 7,724 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libapr1 amd64 1.7.0-8ubuntu0.22.04.2 [108 kB]
Get:2 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libaprutil1 amd64 1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2 [92.8 kB]
Get:3 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 amd64 1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2 [11.3 kB]
Get:4 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libaprutil1-ldap amd64 1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2 [9,170 B]
Get:5 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apache2-bin amd64 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12 [1,348 kB]
Get:6 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apache2-data all 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12 [165 kB]
Get:7 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apache2-utils amd64 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12 [89.1 kB]
Get:8 http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 apache2 amd64 2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12 [97.9 kB]
Fetched 1,922 kB in 3s (657 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libapr1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 285678 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-libapr1_1.7.0-8ubuntu0.22.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libapr1:amd64 (1.7.0-8ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaprutil1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../1-libaprutil1_1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaprutil1:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../2-libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3_1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaprutil1-ldap:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../3-libaprutil1-ldap_1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaprutil1-ldap:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package apache2-bin.
Preparing to unpack .../4-apache2-bin_2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking apache2-bin (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Selecting previously unselected package apache2-data.
Preparing to unpack .../5-apache2-data_2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12_all.deb ...
Unpacking apache2-data (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Selecting previously unselected package apache2-utils.
Preparing to unpack .../6-apache2-utils_2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking apache2-utils (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Selecting previously unselected package apache2.
Preparing to unpack .../7-apache2_2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking apache2 (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Setting up libapr1:amd64 (1.7.0-8ubuntu0.22.04.2) ...
Setting up apache2-data (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Setting up libaprutil1:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Setting up libaprutil1-ldap:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Setting up libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3:amd64 (1.6.1-5ubuntu4.22.04.2) ...
Setting up apache2-utils (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Setting up apache2-bin (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Setting up apache2 (2.4.52-1ubuntu4.12) ...
Enabling module mpm_event.
Enabling module authz_core.
Enabling module authz_host.
Enabling module authn_core.
Enabling module auth_basic.
Enabling module access_compat.
Enabling module authn_file.
Enabling module authz_user.
Enabling module alias.
Enabling module dir.
Enabling module autoindex.
Enabling module env.
Enabling module mime.
Enabling module negotiation.
Enabling module setenvif.
Enabling module filter.
Enabling module deflate.
Enabling module status.
Enabling module reqtimeout.
Enabling conf charset.
Enabling conf localized-error-pages.
Enabling conf other-vhosts-access-log.
Enabling conf security.
Enabling conf serve-cgi-bin.
Enabling site 000-default.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/apache2.service → /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/apache-htcacheclean.service → /lib/systemd/system/apache-htcacheclean.service.
Processing triggers for ufw (0.36.1-4ubuntu0.1) ...
Rules updated for profile 'Samba'

Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

3> Web server 시작하기

: 설치한 apache2 패키지 시작하기

> sudo systemctl enable apche2 && sudo systemctl start apache2

$ sudo systemctl enable apache2
Synchronizing state of apache2.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable apache2


$ sudo systemctl start apache2

4> 테스트

> Web browser 를 이용해 Ubuntu22.04 IP에 연결을 시도시 아래처럼 나오면 OK

5> default index.html 위치

: /var/www/html/index.html

> 수정후 web browser 에서 reload 하면 바로 동작합니다.

<기타>

▶ Document root 위치 변경하기

: 기존 /var/www/html/ 로 되어 있는 document root 위치를 바꾸기 위해서는

/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf 파일을 수정해야 합니다.

아래의 기존코드 를  주석처리한후다음처럼 수정합니다.
# DocumentRoot /var/www/html

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/leevisual.github.io

→ 수정한후 apache2 서비스를 다시 시작해 줍니다.

$ service apache2 restart
==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===
Authentication is required to restart 'apache2.service'.
Authenticating as: xxx,,, (xxx)
Password:
==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===

→ 이후 부터는 "/var/www/html/leevisual.github.io" 가 document root 가 됩니다.

xxx@ubuntu22:/var/www/html/leevisual.github.io$ ls
index.html  README.md

참고하세요.

[ping ] Ubuntu 에서 windows 10 PC 로 ping 안되는 문제

하니_즐거운하루 — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 12:18:33 +0900

: Windows 10 PC 에서 Ubuntu PC 로는 ping 이 되는데 반대 방향으로는 동작을 안해서 찾아보았습니다.

참고하세요.

▶ 이문제는 방화벽에서 icmp 관련 패킷을 차단해서 나오는 문제로 아래와 같이 방화벽을 해제하면 해결이 됩니다.

→ 시작메뉴 검색창에 firewall 또는 "방화벽"을 쓰고 "Windows Defender 방화벽" 을 클릭

→ "고급 설정" 선택

→ 인바운드 규칙 > 파일 및 프린터 공유 (... ICMPv4-In) 선택하기

: 2개 항목중 프로필이 도메인이 아닌 "개인" 선택하기

→ 속성창 > 일반 탭 > "사용함(E)" 체크 하기 " > "적용" 클릭

→ ubuntu PC 에서 ping 테스트 하기 (아래처럼 나오면 성공)

[linux] head 명령어 사용법 (-c/--bytes, -n/--lines, -q/--quiet, -v/--verbose, -z/--zero-terminated)

하니_즐거운하루 — Fri, 8 Nov 2024 16:22:12 +0900

: 파일/표준입력의 첫부분 10라인을 출력하는 명령어

a.txt , b.txt 파일의 첫 10라인 출력하기

$ cat a.txt
hello  1
~~ 중략 ~~
hello  9
hello  10
hello  11
hello  12
hello  13
hello  14

$ cat b.txt
welcome  1
welcome  2
~~ 중략 ~~
welcome  10
welcome  11
welcome  12
welcome  13
welcome  14



$ head a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9
hello  10

==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3
welcome  4
welcome  5
welcome  6
welcome  7
welcome  8
welcome  9
welcome  10

옵션	의미	기타
-c, --bytes=[-]NUM	NUM 바이트 출력 옵션	- 사용시 끝부분에서 계산해 빼고 적용됨
-n, --lines=[-]NUM	NUM 라인 출력옵션	- 사용시 끝부분에서 계산해 빼고 적용됨
-q, --quiet, --silent	헤더 표시 제거옵션	-q, -v 동시 적용시 뒤에옵션 적용됨
-v, --verbose	헤더 표시 옵션	-q, -v 동시 적용시 뒤에옵션 적용됨
-z, --zero-terminated	구분자로 개행이 아닌 NUL 사용한 출력옵션
--help	도움말 표시
--version	버전표시

옵션

-c, --bytes=[-]NUM

: 파일/표준입력의 처음에서 NUM 바이트 까지 출력하는 옵션, 마이너스 입력시 마지막에서 바이트 계산후 출력

>> 처음부터 20 바이트 출력
$ head -c 20 a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi
==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  

>> -0 입력시 처음부터 끝까지 출력
$ head -c -0 a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9
hello  10
hello  11
hello  12
hello  13
hello  14

==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3
welcome  4
welcome  5
welcome  6
welcome  7
welcome  8
welcome  9
welcome  10
welcome  11
welcome  12
welcome  13
welcome  14

>> 끝부터 50 바이트 제외하고 모두 출력하기
$ head -c -50 a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9

==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3
welcome  4
welcome  5
welcome  6
welcome  7
welcome  8
welcome  9
welcome  1

>> 롱 옵션 사용하기
$ head --bytes -50 a.txt b.txt
$ head --bytes=-50 a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9

==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3
welcome  4
welcome  5
welcome  6
welcome  7
welcome  8
welcome  9

-n, --lines=[-]NUM

: 처음부터 출력할 라인수 지정하기, 음수 입력시 끝에서 부터 NUM 라인 제거후 모두 출력함.

> " -n 10 "일 경우 "-10" 이라고 입력해도 동일하게 동작합니다.

$ head -n 10 a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9
hello  10

$ head -n 3 a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3

$ head --line 7 a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
$ head --line=7 a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7

$ echo -e "hello\nHi" | head -n 2
hello
Hi

$ echo -e "hello\nHi" | head -n 1
hello

?>> 마이너스 입력시 끝에서 입력 라인만큼 빼고 출력합니다.
$ head --line=-5 a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9

-q, --quiet, --silent

: 헤더 ( 파일이름)를 출력하지 않는 옵션

>> default
$ head -n3 a.txt b.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3

==> b.txt <==
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3

>> 파일이름 표시안하게 하기
$ head -q -n3 a.txt b.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3
welcome  1
welcome  2
hi       3

-v, --verbose

: 항상 헤더(파일이름) 표시옵션

> -q, -v 옵션 동시 사용하면 뒤에 나오는게 적용됩니다.

$ head -v -n3 a.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3

$ head -q -v -n3  a.txt
==> a.txt <==
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3

$ head -v -q  -n3  a.txt
hello  1
hello  2
hi     3

-z, --zero-terminated

: 라인구분자가 개행이 아니고 NUL(0x00) 로 지정하는 옵션

$ cat a.txt
hello  1
hello  2hi     3hello  4
hello  5
hello  6
hello  7
hello  8
hello  9
hello  10
hello  11
hello  12hello  13
hello  14

$ hexdump a.txt
0000000 6568 6c6c 206f 3120 680a 6c65 6f6c 2020
0000010 0032 6968 2020 2020 3320 6800 6c65 6f6c               <----- 0x10,0x1B번지 값 00
0000020 2020 0a34 6568 6c6c 206f 3520 680a 6c65
0000030 6f6c 2020 0a36 6568 6c6c 206f 3720 680a
0000040 6c65 6f6c 2020 0a38 6568 6c6c 206f 3920
0000050 680a 6c65 6f6c 2020 3031 680a 6c65 6f6c
0000060 2020 3131 680a 6c65 6f6c 2020 3231 6800               <---- 0x6f번지 값 00
0000070 6c65 6f6c 2020 3331 680a 6c65 6f6c 2020
0000080 3431 000a
0000083

>> null 로 끝나는 한줄 출력하기
$ head -z -n1  a.txt
hello  1
hello  2c

--help

: 도움말 출력

$ head --help
Usage: head [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -c, --bytes=[-]NUM       print the first NUM bytes of each file;
                             with the leading '-', print all but the last
                             NUM bytes of each file
  -n, --lines=[-]NUM       print the first NUM lines instead of the first 10;
                             with the leading '-', print all but the last
                             NUM lines of each file
  -q, --quiet, --silent    never print headers giving file names
  -v, --verbose            always print headers giving file names
  -z, --zero-terminated    line delimiter is NUL, not newline
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

NUM may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/head>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) head invocation'

--version

: 버전 출력

$ head --version
head (GNU coreutils) 8.32
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.